carbyl-amine reaction or isocyanide test or hofmann isonitrile synthesis- chemical reaction-mechanism-uses-by study everything.

 

Carbyl-amine reaction (isocynide test )

 

Carbyl-amine reaction is also known as isocynide test or hofmann isonitrile synthesis.

 It is only given by the 1^o amine ( R-NH₂ , Ar-NH­₂ ) .

Isonitrile have a very extremely foul or nauseating odor.

From above properties(nauseating odor ) this reaction is used as a test for distinguish primary amine.

 

Statement :

 the reaction of primary amine (R-NH₂ ) with chloroform in the presence of alkali (NaOH , or KOH ) gives isonitrile this reaction known as carbyl-amine reaction or hofmann isonitrile test.

 

Chemical reaction :

 

Mechanism :

Step -1 : formation of electrophyl (dichloro-carbene).

 

Step-2 : attack of electrophyl on amine .

 Step -3 : formation of product (isocyanide) .

 

Applications of carbylamine reaction :

1.       Synthesis of ethyl isocyanide from ethyl amine.

 

2.       Synthesis of phenyl isocyanide from aniline .

 

3.       Synthesis of benzyl-isocyanide from benzyl amine .

 

 

 

 

 

 

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