friedel-crafts alkylation (electrophilic substitution reaction ) reaction mechanism , application ,discovery - by study everything.

 

Friedel craft alkylation

 

Friedel craft alkylation reaction is given by Charles friedel and james crafts in 1877.

Charles friedel : [wikipedia]

Charles friedel was a French chemist and mineralogist.

Born : 12 march 1832.

Died : 20 april 1899.

Nationality : French

Picture :

 

James crafts : [wikipedia]

James mason crafts was a American chemist . they mostly known for the friedel crafts reaction.

Born : 8 march 1839.

Died : 20 june 1917.

Nationality : American .

Picture :

Friedel crafts reaction is electrophilic aromatic substitution  reaction .

Electrophylic means : electrophile (E⁺) .

Examples of electrophile :  aluminium chloride (AlCl₃) ,ferric chloride (FeCl₃) , helogens ( Cl₂ , f₂ , Br₂ , I₂ ) , boron trifluride (Bf₃) , and  hydronium ion (H₃O⁺)  also (⁺CH₃) .

Aromatic : benzene ring .

Substitution means : the replacement  of something or someone .

So basically in the friedel crafts reaction something is replaced at  particular space(in benzene ring ).

 

Statement :

the reaction of aromatic ring with alkyl halides in the presence of strong lewis acid (electrophile) gives substituted aromatic compounds . and the reaction is known as friedel crafts alkylation .

In these reaction AlCl₃ is used as a lewis acid (catalyst) .

 

Chemical reaction :

 

Mechanism :

Step-1 : formation of electrophile.

Chlorine is withdraw the electrons with them and joint with AlCl₃ and form complex compound and electrophile .

 

Step-2 : formation of product

The attack of electrophile on benzene ring and become resonance further reaction removal of hydrochloric acid yields our final product.

 

Application :

Production of toluene(methyl benzene) :

 

Production of  ethyl benzene :

 

 

 

 

 

 

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