auramine-o dye or basic yellow-2 dye or diarylmethane dye or bis [4-(dimethyl amine ) phenyl ] – methanimium chloride. -synthesis - study everything

 

Auramine – o dye

 

WHAT IS DYES ?

 

Definition : generally dye is a colored organic compound or mixture which used for imparting color to the substrate or objects like paper, plastic , cloths , and leather etc.

The  long time stability is required for good quality of dye.

The dyed substrate should be resistant to a normal cleaning procedures and stable to light.

Auramine - o is a diarylmethane dye.

It is synthesized from michler's ketone and also from pp’-tetramethyl diamine diphenyl methane.

 

 

Chemical properties :

IUPAC NAME :  bis [4-(dimethyl amine ) phenyl ] – methanimium chloride.

 

CAS NUMBER : 2465-27-2 .

 

STRUCTURE FORMULA :

 Physical properties :

 

Molecular formula : C₁₇H₂₂N₃Cl .

 

Molecular weight : 303.83 gm/mole.

 

Malting point : 267 ^oC .

 

Boiling point : 330.5 ⁰C .

 

Solubility : very soluble in water solubility is (10 gm/liter ) .

                   Also soluble in alcohol (ethanol) (20 gm/ liter) .

 

Color : yellow colored dye.

 

State :  crystalline powder.

 

Odor : not specific odor or odorless.

Synthesis of auramine-o

 

Here we have a two different method for prepare auramine-o.

 

Method-1 :  synthesis of auramine-o from michler’s ketone.

 

Statement : the reaction of michler’s ketone with NH₄Cl , and ZnCl₂ , at 150-160 ^oC, further the auramine base is obtained. Then it is treated with hcl (acidification ) it converted into auramine-o.

 

Chemical reaction :

 

Method – 2 :   synthesis of auramine-o from pp’-tetramethyl diamine diphenyl methane.

 

Statement :  pp’-tetramethyl diamine diphenyl methane take as a starting material, the reaction of pp’-tetramethyl diamine diphenyl methane with sulphur forms intermediate , then the reaction of that particular intermediate with ammonia (NH₃) and NaCl at 175 ^oc , gives auramine base , after that the acidification (HCl ) of auramine base yields final product auramine-o .

 

Chemical reaction : 

 

Uses of auramine-o

 

Auramine-o dye is widely used for dying many numbers of substrate given below.

(i)            Paper.

 

(ii)           Silk.

 

 

(iii)          Wool.

 

(iv)         Leather.

 

 

(v)          Cotton.

 

(vi)         Jute.

 

(vii)        Also used for stain.

 

 

(viii)       It is also used as a antiseptic agent.

 

(ix)         The yellow color of auramine-o is not fast and destroyed by light , hot water , alkali , oxygen , but still it is used as a dye widely due to cheaper.

General information

 michler's ketone[click here]

What is staining ? or staining process

Staining :  staining is the process in which substrate colored by using particular color or dye for the purpose of study basic properties of living or non-living (dead cells ) biological systems(cells , tissue , cell organelles ) .

 

For better study of internal structure of biological cells or tissue staining is applied.

Generally there are two types of staining here,

 

(1)  Simple staining

In the simple staining there is a one or single dye is applied to the substrate(living system).

 

(2)  Differential staining

In the differential staining there is a more than one dye is applied to the substrate(living system ).

 

Based on apply staining is classified as follows

 

(1)  In-vivo or vital staining

The staining of living biological system is called in-vivo staining.

It is not harmful for living systems that is way it is also called vital staining.

 

(2)  In-vitro or non-vital staining

The staining of non-living or dead biological systems( dead cells ) is called in-vitro staining.

It is harmful for living system that is way it is also called non-vital staining.

 

 

Based on chemical nature staining is divided into three types

 

(1)  Acidic stain

Acidic stain is used for positively charged substrate or component.

Eg. Malachite green.

 

(2)  Basic stain

Basic stain is used for negatively charged component (bacteria ).

Eg. Safranin.

 

(3)  Neutral stain

If anion and cataion both are stained is called neutral stain.

Eg. Wright’s stain.

see also 

IBUPROFEN DRUG [NSAID'S] [click here]

 ATENOLOL [TENORMIN] - medicinal drug   [click here]

ADRENALINE [EPINEPHRINE]  - medicinal drug -hormone  [click here].

orange-II dye or 2-naphthol orange or β-NAPHTHOL ORANGE - mono-azo acidic dye, or basic orange-2  [click here].

crsodine - G  or (2,4-diamino-azobenzene) or mono-azo- basic dye  [click here].

what is science ? all about science.  [click here].

michler's ketone[click here]

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